· As the most successful neural prosthesis, cochlear implants have provided partial hearing to more than 120,000 persons worldwide; half of which being.Google China - Wikipedia. Coordinates: 3. 9°5. N1. 16°1. 9′2. 4″E / 3. N 1. 16. 3. 23. 33°E / 3. Google China is a subsidiary of Google. Google China ranked as the number 3 search engine in the People's Republic of China, after Baidu and Soso. In 2. 01. 0, searching via all Google search sites, including Google Mobile, were moved from mainland China to Hong Kong. By November 2. 01. August 2. 00. 9 level of 3. In the Republic of China, a separate search engine for Taiwanese users, Google Taiwan is also used in Taiwan and the other islands. History[edit]2. 00. Google China was founded in 2. Kai- Fu Lee, a former Microsoft executive and the founder in 1. Microsoft Research Asia.[4] Microsoft sued Google and Kai- Fu Lee for the move, but reached a confidential settlement.[5] Google's Beijing office was initially located at NCI Tower. In 2. 00. 5 a Chinese- language interface was developed for the google. In January 2. 00. Google launched its China- based google. Chinese government.[6][7]The Beijing office was moved to Tsinghua Science Park in early 2. Since September 2. Tsinghua Science Park, near the east gate of Tsinghua University. In March 2. 00. 9 China blocked access to Google's You. Tube site due to footage showing Chinese security forces beating Tibetans; [8] access to other Google online services is denied to users arbitrarily. On September 4, 2. Google China, Kai- Fu Lee unexpectedly left to start a venture fund, amid debate about the Chinese government's censorship policies and Google's decreasing share to rival Baidu and Soso.
![]() Ending of self- censorship[edit]In January 2. Google announced that, in response to a Chinese- originated hacking attack on them and other US tech companies, they were no longer willing to censor searches in China and would pull out of the country completely if necessary.[9] At the same time, Google started to redirect all search queries from Google. Google. com. hk in Hong Kong, which returned results without censorship.[1. Hong Kong is vested with independent judicial power[1. Chinese laws,[1. 4] including those requiring the restriction of free flow of information and censorship of Internet traffic. ![]() David Drummond, senior vice president of Google, stated in the official Google blog that the circumstances surrounding censorship of the Internet in China led Google to move its search to Hong Kong, the absence of censorship making it more effective for networking and sharing information with Internet users in mainland China.[1. On March 3. 0, 2. Google search sites in all languages was banned in mainland China; any attempt to search using Google resulted in a DNS error. Initial reports suggested that the error was caused by a banned string (RFA, as in "Radio Free Asia") being automatically added to Google search queries upstream of user queries, with prominent China journalists disagreeing over whether the blockage was an intentional and high- level attempt to censor search results. Other Google services such as Google Mail and Google Maps appeared to be unaffected.[1. Xiao Qiang, director of the China Internet Project at UC Berkeley and founder of the China Digital Times, noted that the ban in mainland China could eventually block all access to Google sites and applications if the Chinese government wanted.[1. The ban was lifted the next day.[1. On June 3. 0, 2. 01. Google ended the automatic redirect of Google China to Google Hong Kong, and instead placed a link to Google Hong Kong to avoid their Internet Content Provider (ICP) license being revoked.[1. The fact that Google had ended some of its services in China, and the reasons for it, were censored in China.[1. In 2. 01. 3 Google stopped displaying warning messages that had shown up for mainland Chinese users who were attempting to search for politically sensitive phrases.[1. Google's Internet mail service, Gmail, and Chrome and Google- based search inquiries have not been available to mainland China users since 2. Google has maintained that it would continue with the research and development offices in China along with the sales offices for other Google products such as Android smartphone software.[2. Business[edit]Google China serves a market of mainland Chinese Internet users that was estimated in July 2. June 2. 00. 2.[2. A China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) report published a year and a half earlier, on January 1. Chinese Internet user base at 2. Iamasia, a private Internet ratings company.[2. BibMe Free Bibliography & Citation Maker - MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard. The first CNNIC report, published on October 1. Chinese Internet users at fewer than 6. The competitors of Google China include Sogou and Baidu, often called the "Google of China" because of its resemblance and similarity to Google.[2. In August 2. 00. 8, Google China launched a legal music download service, Google Music, to rival Baidu's potentially illicit offering.[2. Google China local product—Google MUSIC's conference. In 2. 01. 0, Google China had a market share in China of 2. Analysys International.[2. By October 2. 01. It further declined to 1. Controversies[edit]Before Google China's establishment, Google. According to official statistics, google. Since announcing its intent to comply with Internet censorship laws in China, Google China had been the focus of controversy over what critics view as capitulation to the "Golden Shield Project". Because of its self- imposed censorship, whenever people searched for prohibited Chinese keywords on a blocked list maintained by the PRC government, google. In accordance with local laws, regulations and policies, part of the search result is not shown. Some searches, such as (as of June 2. Tank Man" were blocked entirely, with only the message, "Search results may not comply with the relevant laws, regulations and policy, and cannot be displayed" appearing. Google argued that it could play a role more useful to the cause of free speech by participating in China's IT industry than by refusing to comply and being denied admission to the mainland Chinese market. While removing search results is inconsistent with Google's mission, providing no information (or a heavily degraded user experience that amounts to no information) is more inconsistent with our mission," a statement said.[3. A US PBS analysis reported clear differences between results returned for controversial keywords by the censored and uncensored search engines.[3. Google set up computer systems inside China that try to access Web sites outside the country. If a site is inaccessible (e. Golden Shield Project), then it was added to Google China's blacklist.[3. In June 2. 00. 6 Google co- founder Sergey Brin was quoted as saying that virtually all of Google's customers in China were using the non- censored version of their website.[3. Google critics in the United States claimed that Google China is a flagrant violation of the Google motto, "Don't be evil".[3. On April 9, 2. 00. Google China spokesman Cui Jin admitted that the pinyin Google Input Method Editor (IME) "was built leveraging some non- Google database resources". This was in response to a request on April 6 from the Chinese search engine company Sohu that Google stop distributing its pinyin IME software because it allegedly copied portions from Sohu's own software.[3. In early 2. 00. 8 Guo Quan, a university professor who had been dismissed after having founded a democratic opposition party, announced plans to sue Yahoo! Google in the United States for having blocked his name from search results in mainland China.[3. Operation Aurora[edit]On January 1. Google announced that it was "no longer willing to continue censoring" results on Google. Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists including thousands of activists involved with the Human Rights Defender, Falun Gong, and hundreds of overseas activists in fields such as encryption, intellectual property and democracy. The company learned that the hackers had breached two Gmail accounts but were only able to access 'from' and 'to' information and subject headers of emails in these accounts.[3. The company's investigation into the attack showed that at least 3. Adobe Systems, Symantec, Yahoo, Northrop Grumman and Dow Chemical. Experts claim the aim of the attacks was to gain information on weapon systems, political dissidents, and valuable source code that powers software applications.[3. Additionally, dozens of Gmail accounts in China, Europe, and the United States had been regularly accessed by third parties, by way of phishing or malware on the users' computers rather than a security breach at Google.
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